The great race for the Arctic: Why Russia, China and the US all have it in their sights

Geopolitical competition in the Arctic

The race for the Arctic is a mix of military, economic, and diplomatic maneuvering. As climate change accelerates, the region’s strategic importance is growing, with nations vying for control over its resources, shipping routes, and security positions.

Russia’s Arctic expansion

Russia has been expanding its military footprint in the Arctic for decades, investing in new and existing facilities in the region. There are 66 military installations in the Arctic, and Russia continues to strengthen its presence through infrastructure and strategic positioning.

China’s growing influence

China is increasing its Arctic activities, including scientific research and infrastructure development. While its direct military presence is limited, China’s economic interests and partnerships in the region are expanding, contributing to the geopolitical competition.

United States’ strategic focus

The United States has emphasized the importance of Arctic security, with President Donald Trump advocating for greater US control or influence over Greenland. This is seen as a way to counter Russian and Chinese expansion in the region.

Greenland’s strategic significance

Greenland is considered a key location in the Arctic due to its geographic position and potential military and economic value. The debate over Greenland’s sovereignty and control has intensified, with concerns about how it might affect regional stability and NATO’s role.

Climate change as a catalyst

Climate change is both enabling and threatening the ambitions of Arctic powers. As ice melts, new shipping routes open, increasing access to resources and trade, while also exposing vulnerabilities in the region’s security and infrastructure.

Related topics: The great race for the Arctic: Why Russia, China and the US all have it in their sights

來源：https://edition.cnn.com/2026/01/21/world/arctic-race-security-trump-explainer